References and evidence
References for our information materials
Signs and symptoms cards
- NICE clinical guideline 102 (2010).
- Expert opinion .
- Protect yourself against MenACWY before attending University. More here.
- MenW in students.
Leaflets
Meningitis can affect anyone
- NICE clinical guideline 102.
- HPA Meningococcus Forum (2002,updated February 2018) Guidance for public health management of meningococcal disease in the UK.
After meningitis
- McGill F, et al., The UK joint specialist societies guideline on the diagnosis and management of acute meningitis and meningococcal sepsis in immunocompetent adults, J Infect (2016). More here.
- NICE clinical guideline 102.
- Patient experience.
- Shears D, Nadel S, Gledhill J, Gorden F, Garralda ME (2007) Psychiatric adjustment in the year after meningococcal disease in childhood. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 46(1): 76-82.
- Borg J, Christie D, Coen PG, Booy R and Viner RM (2009) Outcomes of meningococcal disease in adolescents: prospective matched cohort study. Paediatrics. 123(3): e502 – e50.
Bereavement following meningitis (formerly Meningitis bereavement information)
- Expert opinion from counsellors.
- Catherine Sanders (1999) Grief The Mourning After, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc. pp.4-5.
Your Guide
- All references are included in this information product which was developed in response to the NICE Quality Standard.
Fact sheets
Meningococcal disease
- NICE Clinical Guideline 102.
- Parikh SR1, Campbell H2, Gray SJ et al. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, intensive care admission and outcomes of invasive meningococcal disease in England, 2010-2015. Vaccine. 2018 Jun 2018;36(26).
- Viner RM1, Booy R, Johnson H, et al. Outcomes of invasive meningococcal serogroup B disease in children and adolescents (MOSAIC): a case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2012 Sep;11(9):774-83.
- Public Heath England. The complete routine immunisation schedule.
- Oxford Vaccine Group. Meningococcal disease information.
Pneumococcal meningitis
- NICE Clinical Guideline 102.
- Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious disease. Chapter 25. 2018.
- Public Health England. Managing clusters of pneumococcal disease in closed settings (2008).
Tuberculous (TB) meningitis
- Thwaites G, Chau TTH, Mai NTH, Drobniewski F, McAdam K, Farrar J (2000) Tuberculosis meningitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 68: 289-299.
- NICE Clinical Guideline NG33.
- Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious disease. Chapter 32. 2018.
- Thwaites G (2017) Tuberculous meningitis. Medicine 45:11 670-673.
- Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C et al. (2009) British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. The Journal of infection 59(3):167-87.
- www.tbalert.org
- Davis AG, Meintjes G & Wilkinson RJ (2018) Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis and Its Complications in Adults. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 20:5.
Viral meningitis
- Logan S and MacMahon E. Viral meningitis. BMJ. 2008 336: 36 – 40.
- McGill F, Griffiths M, Bonnett L et al. Incidence aetiology and sequalae of viral meningitis in UK adults: a multicentre prospective observation short study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Sep;2018(9):992-1003.
- Meningitis Now (Meningitis Trust) survey 2012 – summary attached to fact sheet.
- Expert opinions.
Meningitis vaccines
- Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious disease. Chapters 7, 11, 16, 21, 22, 23, 25 and 32. 2013 with updates
- https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/
Learning and developmental concerns after meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia
- Personal experience.
- Expert opinion.
- Child Brain Injury Trust workshop “Don’t judge a book by its cover”.
- De Louvois J, Halket S, Harvey D (2006) Effect of meningitis in infancy on school leaving examination results. Arch. Dis. Child. Online doi: 10.1136/adc2006.105916 .
- Viner R, Booy R, Johnson H et al (2012) Outcomes of invasive meningococcal serogroup B disease in children and adolescents (MOSAIC): a case control study. Lancet Neurology. 11(9): 774 - 783.
Neonatal meningitis
- GroupB Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnancy and newborn babies: information for you. Royal College Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (December 2017).
- de Louvois J, Halket S, Harvey D (2005) Neonatal meningitis in England and Wales: sequelae at 5 years of age. European Journal of Paediatrics. 164: 730-734.
- Okike, IO; Ladhani, SN; Johnson et al. (2018) Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Infants Less Than 90 Days of Age with Bacterial Meningitis in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Paediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 37 (9).
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. GroupB Streptococcal Disease, Early-onset (Green-top Guideline No. 36) Third Edition.
- Expert opinion.
Disease statistics
The following sources were used for all information materials containing disease statistics: